Introduction:

The term biodiversity occurred in middle of 1985AD for study of variety and prevalence of species of animals and plants. The term biodiversity, which represents the very foundation of human existence, was coined by Walter G. Ros en in 1985for the 1st planning meeting of the "National Forum on biodiversity " held in Washington, DC in September 1986, the proceedings of which brought the notion of biodiversity to the attention of a wide field scientists and others. However, the credit for popularizing this word goes to E.O. Wilson who is often called the "Father of biodiversity".
Biodiversity or biological diversity refers to the variability among living organisms from all sources including terrestrial, marine and aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystem. The existence of a wide variety of species or other types of plants, animals and micro organisms in a natural community or habitat, or of communities within a particular environment or of genetic variation within a particular species is called biodiversity. All living things are a bit different from each other. While some will perish, there will be others who would have certain genes or characteristics that will help them survive the calamity. This variability, also known as biological diversity, is a big defense mechanism essential for the survival of nature in all its pristine glory.